tp安卓正版app下载|magpie

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2024-03-07 19:47:25

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Magpie——游戏实时超分辨率工具 - Eslzzyl - 博客园

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Magpie——游戏实时超分辨率工具

简介

准确的说，Magpie是一个让窗口全屏显示的工具，但搭配了大量的缩放算法/滤镜，能够进行超分辨率放大，适用于窗口不支持全屏模式，或者窗口内置的全屏模式会使画面模糊的情况。对于动画风格的画面效果尤佳。

大部分Galgame对高分辨率屏幕的支持都是不太好的[1]。虽然像柚子这样的业界良心在2016年就引入了全1080p作画，但很多会社发行的游戏还停留在720p分辨率。目前（2023）新笔记本的主流分辨率已经来到了2.5k甚至更高，在这些新机器上运行720p游戏的体验无疑是很差的。

Magpie提供了将低分辨率窗口放大到全屏并自动超分辨率的功能，经过实测对于动画风格的游戏效果极佳，因此把使用经验分享一下。

官方GitHub仓库：https://github.com/Blinue/Magpie

为便于读者参考，此处列出笔者电脑的相关配置：

屏幕：3072*1920分辨率，120Hz刷新率。

CPU：AMD Ryzen 7 6800HS

GPU：上面CPU的核显，即Radeon 680M。该核显的性能约等于桌面端GTX 1050Ti。

内存：LPDDR5 6400MHz

系统：Win11 22H2 和 21H2 均测试过

Magpie对GPU的性能要求并不低，不过可以尝试一下。

下载安装

到官方GitHub仓库下载：https://github.com/Blinue/Magpie/releases

Chocolatey有社区维护版：https://community.chocolatey.org/packages/magpie

目前（2023.3）的最新稳定版是v0.10.0。本文将以该版本为例进行介绍。

下载zip压缩包后解压到任意位置，双击Magpie.exe即可运行。你无需安装任何依赖环境。

缩放算法和配置

缩放算法介绍

Magpie内置了大量的缩放算法，而且允许你将这些算法任意组合。如果你了解 HLSL，你可以很容易的添加任何你想要的效果，见 MagpieFX。

这里只节选笔者使用过的算法进行介绍。针对动画风格的游戏（如Galgame），Anime4K[2]的效果很好。

ACNet：ACNetGLSL 的移植。适合动画风格图像的缩放，有较强的降噪效果。

输出尺寸：输入的两倍

Anime4K_Denoise_Bilateral_Mean、Anime4K_Denoise_Bilateral_Median 和 Anime4K_Denoise_Bilateral_Mode：Anime4K 提供的降噪算法，分别使用平均数、中位数和众数

输出尺寸：和输入相同

参数

intensitySigma：降噪强度。必须大于零。默认值为0.1

Anime4K_Restore_M、Anime4K_Restore_L、Anime4K_Restore_VL、Anime4K_Restore_Soft_M 和 Anime4K_Restore_Soft_L、：Anime4K 提供的用于还原动漫画面线条的算法，M->L->VL 对性能的需求依次提高，Soft 变体效果稍弱

输出尺寸：和输入相同

Anime4K_Thin_HQ：Anime4K 提供的用于细化动漫画面线条的算法

输出尺寸：和输入相同

Anime4K_Upscale_S、Anime4K_Upscale_L、Anime4K_Upscale_VL、Anime4K_Upscale_UL、Anime4K_Upscale_Denoise_S、Anime4K_Upscale_Denoise_L、Anime4K_Upscale_Denoise_VL、Anime4K_Upscale_Denoise_UL 和 Anime4K_Upscale_GAN_x2_S：Anime4K 提供的动画风格图像缩放算法。Denoise 变体包含降噪效果，GAN 变体处于实验阶段，可以保留更多细节。S、L、VL、UL 对性能的要求依次提高。（笔者注：官方文档提到，S比L快得多，经实测确实如此。如果你的GPU性能不佳，不妨优先尝试S版本）

输出尺寸：输入的两倍

Bicubic：双立方（双三次）插值算法

输出尺寸：取决于 scale 参数

参数

scale：缩放比例

其他：略。可以看官方文档

Bilinear：双线性插值

输出尺寸：取决于 scale 参数

参数

scale：缩放比例

此外还有一些适合3D场景的算法，以及一些风格滤镜，我用不到，就不介绍了。

4倍缩放

Anime4K和ACNet都是放大两倍，如果希望放大更多倍，需要重复使用两次Anime4K或ACNet。例如，笔者的屏幕是3072*1920的，想要让720p画面取得较好的显示效果，就需要放大两次。

思路很简单，先使用一次Anime4K或ACNet，然后用一次双三次插值缩小到当前屏幕的一半大小（主要是为了提升性能），然后再用一次Anime4K或ACNet，这样正好放大到整个屏幕。根据官方文档的建议，为了消除噪点，第一次缩放应该使用带降噪的版本。

配置文件

配置文件的默认位置是C:\Users\[Username]\AppData\Local\Magpie\config\config.json。如果你在设置中开启了便携模式，那么该文件的位置是./config/config.json（Magpie.exe的同级文件夹下）。

你可以在应用的“缩放配置”页面中调整缩放配置。笔者自己调整了一些缩放配置，直接截图放在这里了，配置情况一目了然。所有的Bicubic的参数都是[0, 0.5]。

你也可以在此处下载我导出的配置文件，然后在Magpie的“缩放配置”页面的右上角点击三个点按钮，选择“导入ScaleModels.json”，选择文件导入即可。

使用

配置好缩放后，就可以使用Magpie了。将待放大窗口置于前台，按下定义好的缩放快捷键即可生效。默认的快捷键是PowerToys风格的Windows+Shift+A。

需要注意的是，Magpie还不支持触摸屏，表现在点击全屏的画面后，Windows有时会认为你在点击窗口之外的内容（即逻辑上该窗口未被放大）。未来应该也不会支持触摸屏[3]。但窗口化缩放（即并不强制全屏）的功能应该会在未来加入[4]。

注意：有些游戏允许你任意调整窗口的大小，但其内置的缩放效果很简单，一般是简单地整数倍放大。为了实现最佳的效果，你应该让游戏运行在原始的默认分辨率下，然后启用Magpie。先调大窗口再启用Magpie不会带来更好的效果。

注意：如果你设置了 DPI 缩放，而要放大的窗口没有高 DPI 支持（这在老游戏中很常见），推荐首先进入该程序的兼容性设置，将“高 DPI 缩放替代”设置为“应用程序”。

捕获模式

直接照搬官方文档了。我一直用的默认的Graphics Capture（win11 21h2），到目前为止没有任何问题。

Graphics Capture

Desktop Duplication

GDI

DwmSharedSurface

支持捕获 DirectComposition (如 UWP)

是

否

支持录制/串流

特殊情况下不支持[1]

否

是

支持源窗口跨越多个屏幕

特殊情况下不支持[1]

否

是

无视 DPI 虚拟化[2]

否

是

备注

首选捕获方式

要求 Win10 v2004；适合静止帧较多的游戏[3]；可以捕获到弹窗

占用的显存较少

[1]: (1) 源窗口不支持常规的窗口捕获 (2) 操作系统为 Windows 11

[2]: 系统会对不支持 DPI 缩放的窗口进行双三次插值放大，支持此项的捕获方式可以捕获到放大前的图像

[3]: 如果窗口的静止帧较多，使用 Desktop Duplication 可以有效降低功耗（实测：改善不大。目测是大部分GPU负载都分给超分辨率算法了，在窗口捕获上节省下来的功耗微乎其微）

效果展示

原谅我截图大小不太一致〒▽〒

例1：原生720p放大至3K

这个例子展示了一个720p窗口放大到3K的效果。图片来自Madosoft的游戏《ハミダシクリエイティブ》。

建议点击图片来放大查看，以对比细节。注意头发的边缘处。

角色立绘：

整数放大4倍后双立方插值缩小到3k，用于对照

Anime4K_S 4倍缩放（详见上文，后同）

ACNet 4倍缩放

Anime4K_GAN 4倍缩放

文字，超分算法或多或少都有点歪，不过无伤大雅：

2023-05-21更新：使用Anime4K的Restore系列效果可以改善文字变形的情况，但是这种效果非常占用性能。

整数放大4倍后双立方插值缩小到3k，用于对照

Anime4K_S 4倍缩放

ACNet 4倍缩放

Anime4K_GAN 4倍缩放

Anime4K_S的GPU占用约为60%，ACNet和Anime4K_GAN的GPU占用约为80%。风扇有明显噪音。

个人观感，效果：Anime4K_GAN>ACNet>=Anime4K_L>Anime4K_S>>Lanczos>整数缩放

例2：原生1080p放大至3K

这个例子展示了一个1080p窗口放大到3K的效果。图片来自酸柚子的游戏《PARQUET》。

整数放大2倍后双立方插值缩小到3k，用于对照

Anime4K_S 2倍缩放后，双立方插值缩小到3k，后同

ACNet 2倍缩放

Anime4K_GAN 2倍缩放

GPU占用没看，估计应该是比720p要低一点，因为只做了一次缩放。

关于图像超分的碎碎念

图像超分领域的进步还是很惊人的。我对于这方面的记忆还停留在bigjpg这个网站，没想到现在已经这么牛了。

关于这个topic可以看https://github.com/topics/super-resolution，下面每个仓库都有相当惊人的效果展示。目前动画风格图像效果最好的目测是Real-ESRGAN，之前的waifu2x也是挺有名的。不过这两种都不是实时的算法，完成一次推理可能需要超过1s的时间，对于实时场景，Anime4K也有相当不错的效果。

从Anime4K官方仓库找了两张对比图：

(图片是按照推理速度排序的，从左到右越来越慢。FSRCNNX和Anime4K是实时的算法，waifu2x 和Real-ESRGAN不是)

感觉Real-ESRGAN的降噪有点过，图1背景的拦网直接给搞没了，不知道是不是刻意为之。图2背景的圆石墙也有点走样。

另外，这个仓库提供了全家桶式的超分辨率工具。

该话题下面还有一些针对真实人脸照片的超分辨率模型，效果同样显著，此处不再列出了。

另外，mpv支持Anime4K，从而使视频的实时超分成为可能。个人试了一下感觉效果不是很明显。网上可以找到相关的教程。

脚注：

知乎上有一些针对该问题的讨论，如https://www.zhihu.com/question/441904152 ↩︎

Anime4K是一种实时的超分辨率算法，见https://github.com/bloc97/Anime4K ↩︎

主要是权限问题。有网友维护了支持触摸屏的版本，见https://github.com/Blinue/Magpie/issues/218#issuecomment-980506414 ↩︎

https://github.com/Blinue/Magpie/issues/135 ↩︎

posted @

2023-03-25 20:59

Eslzzyl

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用这个软件超分一些游戏可能会掉帧，但用在视觉小说类游戏还是非常合适的。

这个版本是特别对visual novel(视觉小说)优化过的

软件下载：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1JzWiT4HQ7Ak1Vq34cIPd2A?pwd=n8uv

作者github：https://github.com/Z-Dante/Magpie

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MAGPIE中文(简体)翻译：剑桥词典

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magpie 在英语-中文（简体）词典中的翻译

magpienoun [ C ] uk

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/ˈmæɡ.paɪ/ us

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/ˈmæɡ.paɪ/

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a bird with black and white feathers and a long tail

鹊，喜鹊

Magpies are attracted to small, shiny objects, which they carry away to their nests.

喜鹊喜欢将亮闪闪的小东西带回巢。

someone who likes to collect many different types of objects, or use many different styles

收集各式物品的人;有多种不同风格的人

(magpie在剑桥英语-中文（简体）词典的翻译 © Cambridge University Press)

magpie的例句

magpie

The magpies would come out victorious by 11 points.

来自 Wikipedia

该例句来自维基百科，在CC BY-SA许可下可重复使用。

Black-billed magpies frequent open country with thickets and scattered trees, especially riparian groves.

来自 Wikipedia

该例句来自维基百科，在CC BY-SA许可下可重复使用。

In some cases, magpies may become extremely aggressive and attack people's faces; it may become very difficult to deter these birds from swooping.

来自 Wikipedia

该例句来自维基百科，在CC BY-SA许可下可重复使用。

Although not closely related to the true magpies, they have therefore been referred to as magpies in the past.

来自 Wikipedia

该例句来自维基百科，在CC BY-SA许可下可重复使用。

Juvenile magpies begin foraging on their own three weeks after leaving the nest, and mostly feeding themselves by six months old.

来自 Wikipedia

该例句来自维基百科，在CC BY-SA许可下可重复使用。

They will then have an idea of the preponderance of these horrible magpies which live all over the land.

来自 Hansard archive

该例句来自Hansard存档。包含以下议会许可信息开放议会许可v3.0

Today black-billed magpies remain relatively tame in areas where they are not persecuted.

来自 Wikipedia

该例句来自维基百科，在CC BY-SA许可下可重复使用。

Among the traditional magpies, there appear to be two distinct lineages.

来自 Wikipedia

该例句来自维基百科，在CC BY-SA许可下可重复使用。

示例中的观点不代表剑桥词典编辑、剑桥大学出版社和其许可证颁发者的观点。

magpie的翻译

中文（繁体）

鵲，喜鵲, 收集各式物品的人, 有多種不同風格的人…

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西班牙语

urraca, urraca [feminine, singular]…

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葡萄牙语

pega-rabuda, pega [feminine]…

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in Dutch

捷克语

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in Swedish

马来语

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挪威语

in Ukrainian

pie [feminine], pie…

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カササギ…

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saksağan…

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ekster…

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straka…

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skade…

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jalak…

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นกกางเขน…

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chim ác là…

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sroka…

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skata…

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burung murai…

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die Elster…

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skjære [masculine], skjære…

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сорока…

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magnolia

magnum

magnum opus

magnus

magpie

mah-jong

maharaja

maharani

mahogany

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veggie burger

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/ˈvedʒ.i ˌbɜː.ɡər/

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/ˈvedʒ.i ˌbɝː.ɡɚ/

a type of food similar to a hamburger but made without meat, by pressing together small pieces of vegetables, seeds, etc. into a flat, round shape

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magpie是什么意思_magpie的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_爱词霸在线词典

ie是什么意思_magpie的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_爱词霸在线词典首页翻译背单词写作校对词霸下载用户反馈专栏平台登录magpie是什么意思_magpie用英语怎么说_magpie的翻译_magpie翻译成_magpie的中文意思_magpie怎么读,magpie的读音,magpie的用法,magpie的例句翻译人工翻译试试人工翻译翻译全文简明柯林斯牛津magpieGRE英 [ˈmæɡpaɪ]美 [ˈmæɡpaɪ]释义n.喜鹊; 饶舌者; 有收集零碎东西癖好的人; 爱说话的人点击人工翻译，了解更多人工释义词态变化复数: magpies;实用场景例句全部喜鹊A born magpie, Mandy collects any object that catches her eye.曼迪天生喜欢收集小玩意，只要是她看上的都会收藏起来。柯林斯高阶英语词典One old magpie began wrapping itself up very carefully.一只老喜鹊非常小心地用羽毛裹紧自己的身体.辞典例句Not be the magpie that be over the sky, the crow that annoys however, speak crow.谁在惊梦?不是满天的喜鹊, 而是愤怒的乌鸦, 讲真话的乌鸦.期刊摘选A magpie rests on the power line.一只喜雀停在电线上.期刊摘选As the author points out, Hitler had a magpie mind.如作者所指出, 希特勒的头脑十分混杂.期刊摘选Magpie, the implication is happy, always very popular.喜鹊, 有喜庆的寓意, 历来很受欢迎.期刊摘选A magpie was screeching and I said: Magpiety?尖叫的是喜鹊,我却说: 喜鹊啼?期刊摘选This is a magpie and that's a nightingale.这是只喜鹊,那是一只夜莺.期刊摘选This young man is really a magpie.这个年轻人真是饶舌.《简明英汉词典》There was a loud noise from tree . Wharrk , shark . It came from a Big, fat magpie.树上传来一阵呱呱声, 是一只肥大的喜鹊在叫.期刊摘选When I got to Crow Creek, Magpie was not home. I talked to his wife Amelia.我到鸭溪时, 喜鹊没在家, 我和他的妻子阿米莉亚谈了谈.期刊摘选Otherwise, Yukio Hatoyama of magpie nests and tried, it is known the house will not tranquil.否则, 鸠占鹊巢,李代桃僵, 那屋内必是鸡飞狗跳,不得安宁.期刊摘选Mother: Oh, yes. Good morning, Mr. Magpie.妈妈: 噢, 真的! 早上好, 喜鹊先生.期刊摘选As the author points out, Hitler a magpie mind.作者指出, 希特勒有收集癖.期刊摘选First Sound Magpie wish you best of luck to you Ming stop!第一声鹊鸣给你愿你好运不停!期刊摘选Now and then a magpie would call.不时会有喜鹊鸣叫.期刊摘选There is a magpie on the tree.树上有只喜鹊.辞典例句The moon magpie, wind, not in packaging.月亮的喜鹊, 风, 而不是在包装.期刊摘选Mother heard a magpie call from the roof and took it for a good omen.妈妈听见喜鹊在房上叫,觉得是个吉兆.期刊摘选Superstitious people believe that the sight of magpie is a good omen.迷信的说法认为看见喜鹊是祥瑞的征兆.期刊摘选New RSS newsfeed reader ( Magpie ) that is both more efficient and more powerful.新的RSS读取组件,效率更高,功能更强大.期刊摘选For maybe 95 percent of all utterances, Google's electronic magpie is a fabulous tool.对于可能的95话语, 谷歌的电子喜鹊是一个好工具百分之.期刊摘选The magpie is lucky bird therefore also by intention.喜鹊因此也被人意为吉祥鸟.期刊摘选Jesse: Mum. Look. There's a magpie.杰西: 妈妈, 看呀, 有一只喜鹊!期刊摘选A born magpie, Mandy collects any object that catches her eye.曼迪天生喜欢收集小玩意，只要是她看上的都会收藏起来。柯林斯例句收起实用场景例句英英释义Noun1. long-tailed black-and-white bird that utters a chattering call2. someone who collects things that have been discarded by others3. an obnoxious and foolish and loquacious talker收起英英释义行业词典旅游喜鹊释义词态变化实用场景例句英英释义行

Magpie | European, Corvidae, Omnivorous | Britannica

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MagpiePica picaA long-tailed corvid with striking black and white plumage, the Magpie is one of the world's most intelligent birds and the source of many superstitions.

Magpie

Eurasian Magpie in flight

Pair of Magpies perched on a roof

Close up head portrait of a common Magpie

On this page

Appearance & Identification

Calls & Sounds

Diet

Habitat & Distribution

Signs and Spotting tips

Lifespan & Predation

Nesting & Breeding

Behaviour

Migration

FAQsAppearance & IdentificationMagpies are immediately recognisable as corvids. However, their long tails and pied plumage make them far more striking than any crow.What do Magpies look like?Magpies are dove-sized birds. They are essentially black and white, although their wing and tail feathers are beautifully iridescent. In the right light, these feathers reflect green and blue. Their large, diamond-shaped tails make up about half of their total length.These unmistakable birds have black heads, backs, and chests. Their underparts are pure white, and they have large white patches above and below each wing. Males and females are difficult to distinguish, although females are slightly smaller.Juvenile Magpies resemble adults but have shorter tails and duller plumage without the iridescent gloss.

Close up of a perched MagpieHow big are Magpies?LengthMagpies have a total body length of 46 to 60 centimetres, almost half of which is made up by their long, diamond-shaped tails.WeightMagpies weigh 160 to 250 grams. Females are generally lighter than males.WingspanAdult wingspans vary between 52 and 60 centimetres.

Magpies are one of the most easily recognisable bird species, by both their plumage and chattering callCalls & SoundsMagpies are technically songbirds, although their calls are not exactly pleasing to the ear. Read on to learn more about Magpie vocalisations.What sound does a Magpie make?Magpies utter a grating, machine-gun-like ‘chack chack chack’ call. However, they have an impressive vocal range and can produce softer warbling calls and even mimicry.

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Magpie alarm callSimon Elliott, XC599983. Accessible at www.xeno-canto.org/599983.DietMagpies are omnivorous, although live and dead animals are their most important food source. Keep reading to learn more about the Magpie’s varied diet.What do Magpies eat?Magpies are intelligent and opportunistic hunters and scavengers. They will eat various invertebrates and small animals, both dead and alive. Magpies almost always find their food on the ground, although they also raid nests and occasionally catch flying prey. Magpies rely on the following food sources:Beetles and other insectsRodentsFrogs and reptilesEggs and nestlingsSmall adult birdsRoadkillsFruits and berriesSeedsIn times of plenty, Magpies exhibit a fascinating behaviour known as caching. They will bury excess food around their territory, so they have something to eat when pickings are slim.Learn more in our comprehensive guide on what Magpies eat.What do baby Magpies eat?Baby Magpies eat insects and other soft foods like meat scraps. Both male and female Magpies feed their young, although males usually provide the most.

Young Magpie with a grasshopper in its beakHabitat & DistributionMagpies are an everyday sight for many people in the UK. You probably don’t need to travel far to spot these distinctive birds if they don’t occur near your home.What is the habitat of a Magpie?Magpies are habitat generalists, although they avoid treeless landscapes and dense forests. These birds are equally at home in gardens, parks, farmland, and urban areas.What is the range of a Magpie?Eurasian Magpies are widespread in the UK but absent from the high-lying areas of Scotland. These birds have an extensive global distribution that includes virtually all of Europe. They also extend through Asia to North Korea and Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula.Where do Magpies live?Magpies walk or run along the ground when foraging for food. However, Magpies spend most of their time perched above the ground on buildings, walls, trees, and other structures where they are safe from terrestrial predators.

Close up of a Magpie in flight

Did you know?Magpies’ feet have three toes pointing toward and one point pointing backwards, this gives them the ire uneven, jerky motion when walking.How rare are Magpies?Magpies are one of the UK’s most abundant bird species. These birds suffered serious declines in the late 19th century but have since recovered to a healthy and stable population. Their intelligence and adaptability allow them to thrive across a variety of altered modern landscapes.Where can you see Magpies in the UK?You have a good chance of seeing Magpies near your home wherever you live in the United Kingdom. Listen out for their loud chattering call to locate these intelligent birds.Signs and Spotting tipsIn flight, the magpie’s short, rounded wings show large white panels on ‘hand’. It has a fluttering flight when on straight course, with occasional sweeping glides. When on the ground, it makes strong bounds while the tail jerks up and down.It carries a confident, almost arrogant air about it. At times the species gather in noisy flocks of 5-25 birds, known as magpie parliaments. In winter it may roost in even larger flocks that can contain over 300 birds.

Magpie coming in to landLifespan & PredationDespite their often aggressive nature, Magpies are not immune to predation. Continue reading to learn more about their threats and conservation status.How long do Magpies live?Magpies have an average lifespan of three to five years, but the oldest specimens can live for over twenty-one years.What are the predators of Magpies?Magpies have fewer predators than most garden birds due to their large size and bold nature. However, domestic cats and foxes account for some, and birds of prey like Female Sparrowhawks and Tawny Owls are also known Magpie predators.Are Magpies protected?Magpies enjoy the protection of the Wildlife and Countryside Act of 1981.Are Magpies endangered?There are an estimated 650,000 Magpies in the United Kingdom. They have a green conservation status and are classified globally as a ‘Least Concern’ species.

Magpies are common in gardens throughout the UK and EuropeNesting & BreedingMagpies may begin nest preparation in the dead of winter, although the first eggs are not laid until about April. Read on to learn more about their nesting habits.Where do Magpies nest?Magpies build their nests in trees or thorny vegetation that offers protection from predators. Their large, dome-shaped nests may take several weeks to build, and each bird has its own role to play. Male Magpies collect the nesting material, while females are responsible for construction.Read more in our complete guide about Magpie nesting.What do Magpie eggs look like?Magpies usually lay five to seven eggs. The eggs are blueish or greenish and finely speckled, each measuring about 35 millimetres long and 24 millimetres wide.Do Magpies mate for life?Magpie pairs form a close bond and typically mate for life. Bonded pairs will remain together even during the non-breeding season when they may join larger flocks.

The nest and eggs of a Magpie

Juvenile MagpieBehaviourMagpies are not the most popular birds in the UK, partly because of their nest-raiding habits, and partly because of their cheeky attitude.Are Magpies aggressive?Magpies can be particularly aggressive toward each other at the start of the breeding season when they will call and perch in prominent positions to deter intruders. Although infrequent, territorial pairs will resort to physical violence if unwelcome Magpies don’t get the message. Magpies are known to act aggressively toward other birds like Gulls and Sparrowhawks, and they will even harass other animals like squirrels at times. They can also dominate other birds at the bird table, especially if meaty foods are on offer.Where do Magpies sleep at night?Magpies sleep near their nest during the breeding season. In the winter, they often roost in large communal flocks. Flocks of up to 1700 individuals are known to roost together in eastern Europe.

Magpie harassing a Golden EagleMigrationYou can see Magpies throughout the year in the United Kingdom, even on the coldest winter days. Continue reading to learn about their migratory habits.Do Magpies migrate?Magpies do not migrate in the UK. These intelligent birds are generally sedentary, usually spending their lives within a radius of a few kilometers. They will travel longer distances to avoid extreme weather elsewhere in Europe and Asia but are not true migrants.

Magpies in the UK are year-round residentsFAQsAre Magpies good or bad luck?According to the old Magpie nursery rhyme, a single Magpie is an omen of bad luck, while two of these striking birds will bring joy. Some superstitious individuals still resort to amusing antics like saluting the birds to prevent misfortune.Do Magpies recognise humans?Magpies are highly-intelligent birds that generally regard humans as a potential threat. Evidence from a 2011 study suggests that Magpies can recognise individual human faces and will respond negatively towards people that have previously threatened their nests while ignoring other humans. They are one of just three known birds with this ability.Why are Magpies a problem?Many bird lovers malign the Magpie for its nest-raiding habits, but these birds are merely following their natural instincts and survival strategies. Evidence that Magpies reduce songbird numbers through predation is lacking, although they certainly can deter more welcome birds from visiting our gardens.Can you befriend a Magpie?Magpies are shy and nervous birds. Wild individuals do not tame easily and will usually take off at the slightest hint of danger.Enjoyed this content? Share it now

Quick FactsClassificationScientific name:Pica picaOther names:Eurasian Magpie, Common MagpieFamily:

CrowsConservation status:GreenMeasurementsLength:46cm to 60cmWingspan:

52cm to 60cmWeight:

160g

to 250gLearn more about the Magpie

Identification23 Common Garden Birds in the UK (Full Guide with Pictures)

IdentificationCrows in the UK (Complete Guide with Pictures)

FactsMagpie Nesting (All You Need To Know)

FactsWhat Do Magpies Eat? (Complete Guide)

IdentificationBlack and White Birds in the UK (Identification Guide)

FactsWhat is a Group of Magpies Called? (Complete Guide)

FactsCrows: What They Eat and How They Find Their Food

Other birds in the Crows family

Australian RavenThe Australian raven, Corvus coronoides, belongs to the genus Corvus which includes around 45 widely distributed species from the family Corvidae (aka. the Corvids). Like most of its relatives, the Australian Raven has largely black plumage, though some of its upper parts have a glossy purple, blue and green sheen. Strong in shape and form with a powerful heavy-set beak, the Australian raven is a highly adaptable species that lives in both natural and urban environments.

Alpine ChoughA medium-sized member of the crow family that breeds at high altitudes. It is also referred to as the Yellow-billed Chough.

Pied CrowA large, highly adaptable black and white member of the crow family, found across the majority of the sub-Saharan Africa.

RookThe Rook is a gregarious bird of farmland across the United Kingdom. These intelligent birds are admired for their intelligence, maligned for their habit of eating grain, and revered for the good and bad omens they are thought to signify.

Common RavenA resident UK breeder, the common raven is the largest member of the crow family and one of the most widespread naturally occurring birds in the world. It is an impressive and highly intelligent bird.

JayA showy member of the Crow family, the Jay is challenging to spot despite bright colours and a loud call.

JackdawOne of eight British corvid species, the pale-eyed Jackdaw is the smallest of our crows. These highly intelligent and social birds are common in both town and country, where they often associate with Rooks and other crows.

Hooded CrowOnce considered the same species as the carrion crow, hooded crows were recognised as a distinct and separate species in 2002. They are widely distributed across northern, eastern and southeastern Europe and the Middle East, and are common in Ireland, north-western Scotland and the Isle of Man.

Red-billed ChoughKnown for its striking red bill and feet, the Red-billed Chough is a charismatic member of the crow family. Found in the high mountains and rocky coasts of Europe and Asia, this glossy black bird is admired for its acrobatic flight and distinctive high-pitched call. Despite its dramatic habitat and vivid colouration, the Red-billed Chough remains a friendly and sociable bird, often seen in large, chattering flocks outside the breeding season.

Carrion CrowOne of the hundred and twenty species of corvidae, this is an extremely intelligent bird often observed using tools. Predominantly resident year-round, small populations in the far north migrate south to over winter in areas already occupied by other resident carrion crows.

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Blinue edited this page Nov 27, 2023

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Magpie 内置了大量效果供组合使用，大部分提供了参数选项以订制行为。所有效果存储在 effects 文件夹中，如果你了解 HLSL，你可以很容易的添加任何你想要的效果，见 MagpieFX。

内置效果介绍

ACNet：ACNetGLSL 的移植。适合动画风格图像的缩放，有较强的降噪效果

输出尺寸：输入的两倍

AdaptiveSharpen：自适应锐化算法。此算法着重于锐化图像中的模糊边缘，因此相比一般的锐化算法噪点、振铃和条纹更少。

输出尺寸：和输入相同

参数

Sharpness：锐化强度

Anime4K_3D_AA_Upscale_US 和 Anime4K_3D_Upscale_US：Anime4K 提供的 3D 游戏画面缩放算法。AA 变体有抗锯齿的功能

输出尺寸：输入的两倍

Anime4K_Denoise_Bilateral_Mean、Anime4K_Denoise_Bilateral_Median 和 Anime4K_Denoise_Bilateral_Mode：Anime4K 提供的降噪算法，分别使用平均数、中位数和众数

输出尺寸：和输入相同

参数

Strength：降噪强度

Anime4K_Restore_S、Anime4K_Restore_M、Anime4K_Restore_L、Anime4K_Restore_VL、Anime4K_Restore_UL、Anime4K_Restore_Soft_S、Anime4K_Restore_Soft_M、Anime4K_Restore_Soft_L、Anime4K_Restore_Soft_VL 和 Anime4K_Restore_Soft_UL：Anime4K 提供的用于还原动漫画面线条的算法，S->M->L->VL->UL 对性能的需求依次提高，Soft 变体效果稍弱

输出尺寸：和输入相同

Anime4K_Thin_HQ：Anime4K 提供的用于细化动漫画面线条的算法

输出尺寸：和输入相同

参数

Strength：每次迭代的强度

Iterations：迭代次数。降低 Strength 并提高 Iterations 可以提高画面质量，但会降低速度。

输出尺寸：输入的两倍

Bicubic：双立方（双三次）插值算法

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

参数

B：过滤参数 B。此项过大将模糊

C：过滤参数 C。此项过大将产生振铃

备注：通过自由组合不同的BC数值可以实现不同的变体算法，例如：Mitchell(B=C≈0.333333), Catmull-Rom(B=0 C=0.5), bicubic Photoshop(B=0 C=0.75), Spline(B=1 C=0)

Bilinear：双线性插值

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

CAS：FidelityFX-CAS 的移植。轻量级的锐化效果

输出尺寸：和输入相同

参数

Sharpness：锐化强度

CAS_Scaling：FidelityFX-CAS 的移植。支持缩放

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

参数

Sharpness：锐化强度

CRT_Easymode：易于配置的轻量级 CRT 着色器

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

参数

Sharpness Horizontal：横向锐度

Sharpness Vertical：纵向锐度

Mask Strength：遮罩强度

Mask Dot Width

Mask Dot Height

Mask Stagger

Mask Size

Scanline Strength

Scanline Beam Width Min

Scanline Beam Width Max

Scanline Brightness Min

Scanline Brightness Max

Scanline Cutoff

Gamma Input

Gamma Output

Brightness Boost：用于提高亮度

Dilation

CRT_Geom：最流行的 CRT 着色器之一，旨在模拟 Arcade-machine。见 Emulation General Wiki

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

参数

Target Gamma

Monitor Gamma

Distance

Curvature：是否模拟屏幕曲率

Curvature Radius：曲率半径

Corner Size

Corner Smoothness

Horizontal Tilt

Vertical Tilt

Horizontal Overscan

Vertical Overscan

Dot Mask

Sharpness：值越大图像越清晰

Scanline Weight

Luminance Boost：用于提升亮度

Interlacing：是否模拟隔行扫描

CRT_Hyllian：提供锐利清晰的输出，并带有轻微的光晕，类似于索尼的 BVM 系列显示器

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

参数

Phosphor

Vertical Scanlines

Input Gamma

Output Gamma

Sharpness

Color Boost

Red Boost

Green Boost

Blue Boost

Scanline Strength

Min Beam Width

Max Beam Width

Anti-Ringing

CRT_Lottes：提供多种遮罩，可以模拟 Bloom 和 Halation 效果。类似于 CGA 街机显示器

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

参数

Scanline Hardness

Pixel Hardness

Horizontal Display Warp

Vertical Display Warp

Mask Dark

Mask Light

Shadow Mask：遮罩风格

Brightness Boost

Bloom-X Soft

Bloom-Y Soft

Bloom Amount

Filter Kernel Shape

Deband：去除色带

输出尺寸：和输入相同

参数

Threshold：当像素之间的差异低于此值时，它被认为是渐变的一部分

Range：采样范围。较高的值将找到更多的梯度，较低的值将更积极地去除色带

Iterations：迭代次数。增加迭代次数可能会提高质量，但会减慢着色器的速度

Grain：噪点强度。在图像中添加一些额外的噪点可以有效遮盖剩余的条纹和伪影，且对视觉质量的影响较小

FineSharp：高质量的锐化效果，最初是 AviSynth 脚本

输出尺寸：和输入相同

参数

sstr：锐化强度。如果改变了此参数，也要改变 cstr，见备注

cstr：均衡化的强度

xstr：XSharpen 风格的最终锐化步骤的强度

xrep：用于修复最终锐化步骤产生的伪影

备注：sstr 和 cstr 的对应关系（sstr->cstr）：0->0, 0.5->0.1, 1.0->0.6, 2.0->0.9, 2.5->1.00, 3.0->1.09, 3.5->1.15, 4.0->1.19, 8.0->1.249, 255.0->1.5

FSR_EASU：FidelityFX-FSR 中缩放步骤的移植

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

FSR_RCAS：FidelityFX-FSR 中锐化步骤的移植

输出尺寸：和输入相同

参数

Sharpness：锐化强度

FSRCNNX：FSRCNNX_x2_8-0-4-1 的移植

输出尺寸：输入的两倍

FSRCNNX_LineArt：FSRCNNX_x2_8-0-4-1_LineArt 的移植

输出尺寸：输入的两倍

FXAA_Medium、FXAA_High 和 FXAA_Ultra：快速近似抗锯齿。对性能的要求依次提高

输出尺寸：和输入相同

GTU_v050：旨在模拟 CRT 屏幕的模糊和混合效果而不是遮罩或曲率，支持扫描线

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

参数

Composite Connection

No Scanlines

Signal Resolution Y

Signal Resolution I

Signal Resolution Q

TV Vertical Resolution

Black Level

Contrast

ImageAdjustment：图像参数调整

输出尺寸：和输入相同

参数

Target Gamma：和 monitorGamma 搭配使用以调节 gamma，此参数指定目标 gamma 值

Monitor Gamma：当前屏幕的 gamma 值

Saturation：色度

Luminance：HSV 空间的明度

Contrast：对比度

Brightness Boost：亮度调整

Black Level：暗场强度

Red Channel：红色通道颜色缩放

Green Channel：绿色通道颜色缩放

Blue Channel：蓝色通道颜色缩放

Jinc：使用 Jinc 算法缩放输入

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

参数

Window Sinc Param：值越小图像越锐利

Sinc Param：值越大图像越锐利

Anti-ringing Strength：抗振铃强度

Lanczos：使用 Lanczos 算法缩放输入。

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

参数

Anti-ringing Strength：抗震铃强度。值越大抗震铃效果越好，但图像越模糊

LCAS：轻量级 3D 画面缩放算法

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

参数

Sharpness：锐化强度

LumaSharpen：reshade 中流行的锐化效果。

输出尺寸：和输入相同

参数

Sharpening Strength：锐化强度

Sharpening Limit：抗振铃强度

Sample Pattern：滤波器类型，支持 4 种滤波器

Offset Bias：滤波器参数的偏移量

MMPX：像素画缩放算法。可在保留艺术风格的同时添加细节

输出尺寸：输入的两倍

Nearest：最近邻插值

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

NIS：NVIDIA Image Scaling 的移植

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

参数

Sharpness：锐化强度

备注：只支持放大

NNEDI3_nns16_win8x4 和 NNEDI3_nns64_win8x6：原本用于去隔行，也是高质量的插值算法。NNEDI3_nns64_win8x6 质量更高，速度更慢

输出尺寸：输入的两倍

NVSharpen：随 NIS 发布的 NVSharpen 的移植

输出尺寸：和输入相同

参数

Sharpness：锐化强度

Pixellate：使用 Pixellate 算法缩放输入。适合放大像素画

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

RAVU_Lite_R3：ravu-lite-r3的移植

输出尺寸：输入的两倍

RAVU_Zoom_R3：ravu-zoom-r3的移植

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

备注：只支持放大

SharpBilinear：使用 Sharp-Bilinear 算法缩放输入。适合放大像素画

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

SMAA_Low、SMAA_Medium、SMAA_High 和 SMAA_Ultra：SMAA 抗锯齿算法。对性能的要求依次提高

输出尺寸：和输入相同

SSimDownscaler：基于感知的图像缩小算法。移植自 igv/SSimDownscaler.glsl

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

参数

Oversharp：值越大图像越锐利

xBRZ_2x、xBRZ_3x、xBRZ_4x、xBRZ_5x 和 xBRZ_6x：使用 xBRZ 算法缩放输入。适合放大像素画

输出尺寸：取决于变体。放大到输入的 2-6 倍

xBRZ_Freescale：支持任意缩放倍数的 xBRZ 算法

输出尺寸：取决于缩放选项

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